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Oilfield Glossary

Geology   Geology
This discipline defines terms pertaining to Earth—its history, structure, composition, life forms and processes that continue to shape and change it. This broad field of science covers many subspecialties. Definitions within range from absolute pressure to lithification to Wentworth scale. All definitions have been reviewed by geologists, and many are augmented by high-quality photographs or illustrations.



A
abnormal pressure

absolute age

absolute permeability

absolute pressure

abyss

abyssal

accommodation

accumulation

active margin

aeolian

aerated layer

aggradation

aggradational

alidade

allochthon

allochthonous

allogenic

alluvial

alluvium

anaerobic

angular unconformity

anhydrite

anisotropic

anisotropy

anomalous

anomaly

anoxic

anticlinal

anticlinal trap

anticline

antithetic fault

apparent dip

appraisal

aquifer

arenaceous

argillaceous

asphalt

asthenosphere

attitude

aulacogen

authigenic

authochthon

autochthonous

axial surface

azimuth

azimuthal


B
barite

base map

basement

basin

bathyal

bed

bed thickness

bedrock

Benioff zone

benthic

benthos

bentonite

biostratigraphic

biostratigraphy

bitumen

Bouma sequence

brine


C
calcite

caliche

cap rock

carbonate

cataclasite

cataclastic

cement

cementation

chalk

channel

chert

cherty

chlorite

chronostratigraphic chart

chronostratigraphy

CI

clastic sediment

clathrate

clay

clean

closure

coal

collision

compaction

competent

concentric fold

condensate

condensed section

conformable

conformity

connate water

consolidated

consolidation

contact

continental shelf

contour

contour interval

contour map

convection

convergence

convergent

core

correlate

correlation

craton

crest

critical moment

crop out

cross section

cross-sectional

crude oil

crust

cubic packing


D
dead oil

decollement

deep-water play

deepwater play

delta

deltaic

density

density current

depocenter

deposit

depositional energy

depositional environment

depositional system

detrital

detritus

development

dextral

diagenesis

diagenetic

diagenetic porosity

diapir

diatom

diatomaceous

diatomite

differential compaction

dike

dip

dipping bed

dirty

disconformity

disharmonic

displacement

dolomite

dolomitization

dolostone

dome

down dip

down lap

downdip

downlap

drape

dry gas

dry rock

dyke


E
earthquake

effective permeability

effective porosity

elastic

elastic deformation

elastic limit

elasticity

en echelon

eolian

erode

erosion

estuarine

estuary

eustasy

eustatic

evaporite

evaporitic

exploration

exploration play

exploratory


F
facies

fairway

fault

fault trap

feldspar

felsic

fence diagram

field

flower structure

fluid contact

fluvial

fold

formation

formation pressure

formation water

fossil

fracture

fracture gradient

fracture porosity

free water

fresh water


G
gas hydrate

gas in solution

gas oil contact

gas prone

gas sand

gas water contact

gas-oil contact

gas-prone

gas-water contact

generation

geochemistry

geochronology

geologic

geologic map

geologic time scale

geological

geologist

geology

geomagnetic polarity reversal

geomagnetic polarity time scale

geopressure

geopressure gradient

geopressured

geostatic pressure

geothermal gradient

glacial

glacier

glauconite

Global Positioning System

GPS

GPTS

graben

grain density

granite

groundwater

growth fault

gypsum


H
halite

hard rock

hardground

harmonic

hiatal

hiatus

homogeneity

homogeneous

horizon

horst

hydrate

hydration

hydraulic head

hydrocarbon

hydrocarbon kitchen

hydrostatic head

hydrostatic pressure

hydrothermal

hydrothermal alteration


I
igneous

illite

immature

immiscible

impermeable

in situ

in-situ

incompetent

interstitial water

inversion

isochore

isopach

isostasy

isostatic

isotropic

isotropy


J
joint


K
kaolinite

karst

kerogen


L
lacustrine

lamination

lease

limestone

lithification

lithofacies

lithologic

lithologic contact

lithology

lithosphere

lithostatic pressure

lithostratigraphic

lithostratigraphy

littoral


M
Ma

mafic

magma

magnetic reversal sequence

mantle

marine

marsh

massif

matrix

maturity

metamorphic

metamorphism

methane

methane hydrate

mica

micrite

micropaleontology

midoceanic ridge

migrate

migration

Milankovitch cycles

mineral

miscible

Moho

Mohorovicic discontinuity

moldic porosity

montmorillonite

MRS

My

MYBP


N
natural gas

neritic

nonconformity

normal fault

normal pressure


O
offset

oil field

oil kitchen

oil pool

oil prone

oil sand

oil water contact

oil-prone

oil-water contact

oilfield

onlap

orogenic

orogeny

outcrop

overburden

overmature

overpressure

overthrust


P
paleontology

paludal

palustrine

palynology

parallel fold

parasequence

passive margin

pay

permeability

permeable

petrographic

petrography

petroleum

petroleum system

petrologic

petrology

pinch out

pinch-out

plane table

plankton

plastic

plastic deformation

plate tectonics

plateau

platform

play

plunge

point bar

pore

pore pressure

porosity

porous

post mature

post-mature

preservation

pressure gradient

primary migration

primary porosity

production

progradation

prospect

pyrolysis


Q
quartz


R
reef

reefal

regression

regressive

relative age

relative permeability

reservoir

reservoir pressure

retrogradation

reverse fault

rheologic

rheological

rheology

rhombohedral packing

rift

rock


S
sabkha

salt

salt dome

sand

sandstone

saturation

scout

scout ticket

seal

secondary migration

secondary porosity

sediment

sedimentary

sedimentary basin

sedimentation

sequence

sequence boundary

sequence stratigraphy

shale

shaly

shear strain

shelf

silica

silicate mineral

siliciclastic sediment

similar fold

sinistral

smectite

soft rock

sorting

sour

source rock

specific gravity

spill point

strain

strata

stratigraphic trap

stratigraphy

stratum

stress

strike

strike-slip fault

structural

structural trap

structure

structure map

stylolite

subduction

subsalt

subsidence

superposition

swamp

sweet

syncline

synthetic fault

systems tract


T
tectonic environment

tectonics

tectonism

temperature gradient

terrestrial

thermal gradient

thrust fault

tight

topographic map

transform fault

transgression

transgressive

transpression

transtension

trap

trend

true stratigraphic thickness

true vertical thickness

tuff

tuffaceaous

turbidite

turbidity current


U
Udden-Wentworth scale

unconformity

unconformity trap

underpressure

underpressured

uniformitarianism

Universal Transverse Mercator grid (UTM)

updip


V
varve

vesicle

vesicular

vesicular porosity

virgin pressure

vitrinite

vitrinite reflectance

volcanic

volcano

vug

vuggy

vugular

vugular porosity


W
Wadati-Benioff zone

weathered layer

weathering

Wentworth scale

wet gas

wrench fault


Y
yield point


Z
zonal

zone